Loaded Dice
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Loaded Dice for Human Genome Mutation
Not all bases in the human genome are equally prone to chance mutations. Michaelson et al. show that individuals can acquire clusters of de novo DNA changes and propose that the likelihood of single base pair change differs across three orders of magnitude.
متن کاملOn Optimal Algorithms for Generating Random Bits from Loaded Dice
The problem of generating random bits from an arbitrary biased coin, dating back to von Neumann’s 1951 work, has been extensively studied. Specifically, given a fixed number of biased coin tosses with unknown probability, it is well known how to generate random bits with an asymptotically optimal efficiency. In this paper we address two basic questions related to the generation of random bits. ...
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Zwei interaktive Würfel werden vorgestellt, die als Werkzeug zum Entwerfen dazu dienen gemeinsam mit Co-Designern den Designspace von Smart Connected Products zu erforschen. Diese Würfel sind als Forschungswerkzeuge dazu gemacht, Co-Design Aktivitäten zu unterstützen. Dazu wird sehr kurz in Research Through Design als drittes Paradigma der HCI eingeführt, die Würfel als interaktive Werkzeuge vo...
متن کاملA Universal Scheme for Transforming Binary Algorithms to Generate Random Bits from Loaded Dice
In this paper, we present a universal scheme for transforming an arbitrary algorithm for biased 2-face coins to generate random bits from the general source of an m-sided die, hence enabling the application of existing algorithms to general sources. In addition, we study approaches of efficiently generating a prescribed number of random bits from an arbitrary biased coin. This contrasts with mo...
متن کاملCan you play a fair game of craps with a loaded pair of dice?
We study, in various special cases, total distributions on the product of a finite collection of finite probability spaces and, in particular, the question of when the probability distribution of each factor space is determined by the total
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 1957
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.125.3255.963